University/College - General Secretary, Students' Federation, Jhelum (now in Pakistan), 1940-42; Vice-President, Lahore Students' Congress, 1945-46; Elected to Banaras Hindu University Students' Parliament and was member of its Cabinet;

Convener, Group of the Constructive Workers' Lodge at Banaras Hindu University; All India Lala Lajpatrai Centenary National Integration Camp; and Punjab Lala Lajpatrai Centenary Camp;

Parliament: Member, Rajya Sabha from 1966 to 1977 (Haryana State) and Lok Sabha from 1977 to 1980 (Union Territory of Chandigarh); Joint Committee on the Government (Liability in Tort) Bill, 1967; MPs Advisory Committee on Press Council; Committee on Petitions (1974-76); Committee on Estimates (1977-78) and Committee of Privileges (Rajya Sabha—1977-78); Member, Consultative Committee on Atomic Energy, Space and Electronics; Represented the Indian Parliament at the meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary Union held at Dakar, Senegal in 1968; Chairman, Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Prevention of Water Pollution Bill; and Committee on Railway Reservation and Booking (1972-76);

Founder Secretary, Indian Parliamentary and Scientific Committee (1961-70); Convener, Study Group on Science Education in Schools and Population Control and Family Planning of the Indian Parliamentary and Scientific Committee;

Political - Member, Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee and All India Congress Committee (1966-75); Spokesman and in-charge of publicity for the All India Congress Committee session in Delhi in November 1969 and Executive Committee, Congress Parliamentary Party (1969-71); Secretary, Congress Party in Parliament (1971-72); associated with Congress Forum for Socialist Action; Convener, Congress Party Standing Committee on Science and Technology; Expelled for a period of ten years from the Congress on June 26, 1975 after the declaration of emergency; Member, National Executive of the Janata Party (1977 to 1987); National Executive of the Janata Dal (1987-89); and Executive Committee, Janata Parliamentary Party (1977-79);

Founder Secretary - People's Union for Civil Liberties and Democratic Rights, 1976;

Member, Science and Spirituality Committee of the All India Sarva Seva Sangh; Managing Committee, Lajpatrai Institute of Physical Education for Women; Managing Committee, Institute of Psychic and Spiritual Research, New Delhi; Council of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (1968-74); and Working Group on Land Reforms, Agricultural Commission, undertook Surplus Land-distribution to the Landless in Rupoli Prakhand in Purnea District of Bihar; Member, Executive Committee (April 1978 to January 1988) and life member of the Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses; Member, Board of Management of the Gandhian Institute of Studies, Varanasi;

Panjab University Senate, Chandigarh (November 1968 to October 1980); and India International Centre, New Delhi;

Editor - "Science in Parliament" Journal of the Indian Parliamentary and Scientific Committee;

Trustee, Punjab Khadi Gramodyog Sangh, Adampur;

President, Servants of the People Society since July 3, 1991;

Governor of Andhra Pradesh from February 7, 1990 to August 21,1997; President, Indian Red Cross (Andhra Pradesh Branch) 1990-97; Governor of Tamil Nadu (Additional Charge) from December 22, 1996 to January 25,1997;

Vice-President of India and ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha since August 21, 1997;

Chancellor, Delhi University; Panjab University; Pondicherry University; North Eastern Hill University, Shillong; and Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed University), Chennai; Visitor : Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University Institute of Journalism, Bhopal;

President: Indian Council for Cultural Relations; Indian In-stitute of Public Administration, New Delhi; and Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Cultures, Calcutta;

Chairman, Jury : The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding; Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development; Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar; Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Award for Promotion of Social Understanding and Uplift of Weaker Sections;

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar International Award for Social Change;

G.D. Birla Award for outstanding contribution to Humanism, Preservation of India's Heritage and Culture and for Upliftment of Rural & Tribal Communities; Jury for International Gandhi Award for Leprosy; Communal Harmony Award; and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad International Award;

Chairman : Selection Committee for the appointment of the Chairman of the Press Council of India and Selection Com-mittee for the appointment of the part time and whole time members of the Prasar Bharati Board;

Patron : The Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi; Jawaharlal Nehru Hockey Tournament Society; and Centre for Study in Civilizations; Chief Patron, Kabir Samaroh Samiti, New Delhi; National Patron, Interna-tional Award for Young People - India;

Publications : Has contributed to prominent dailies and peri-odicals on issues relating to national and international poli-tics, social, defence, electoral and science policy issues;

Special interest : Urdu poetry, reading, writing and promo-tion of science;

Travels abroad : United Kingdom, France, West Germany, G.D.R., Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Switzerland, Italy, Senegal, Malaysia, Mauritius, Egypt, Turkey, Maldives, Jordan and South Africa;