ࡱ> 7 ^bjbjUU 7|7|ZltttttvyvyvyvyvyvyBY[[[[[[l [lvyvyll[`vyvyp```lR!vyvyY`lY`p`еvyjy 9prtV"0 L `ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SCHEME OF STUDIES AND EXAMINATIONS (1993 admissions) ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Code T) Semester I&IIHours/WeekSessionalUniversity ExamsNoCodeSubjectLTD/PMarksHoursMarks193.101Mathematics I (CMNPHETAR)22-503100293.102Applied Physics21-503100393.103Engg.Chemistry21-503100493.104Engg.Mechanics21-503100593.105Engineering Graphics103503100693.106Humanities2--503100793.107Into. To Comp. Sc.2-2503100893.108Elements of ElectronicsTA21-503100993.109Engg. Workshop(CMNPHETAR)--3150--Total1568550800Total Marks1350 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Code T) Semester IIIHours/WeekSessionalUniversity ExamsNoCodeSubjectLTD/PMarksHoursMarks193.301Mathematics II (CMNPHETAR)32-503100293.302Electrical Technology31-503100393.303Solid State Devices & Microelectronics32-503100493.304Electronic Circuits-I31-503100593.305Network Analysis & Synthesis32-503100693.306Electronics Workshop--3150--793.307Basic Electronics Lab--3150--Total1586550500Total Marks1050 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Code T) Semester IVHours/WeekSessionalUniversity ExamsNoCodeSubjectLTD/PMarksHoursMarks193.401Mathematics III (CMNPHETAR)320503100293.402Mechanical Technology310503100393.403Signals & Systems310503100493.404Electronics Circuits-II310503100593.405Digital Electronics310503100693.406Electrical Engineering Lab--41503-793.407Electronic Circuits Lab--4150--Total1568550500Total Marks1050 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Code T) Semester VHours/WeekSessionalUniversity ExamsNoCodeSubjectLTD/PMarksHoursMarks193.501Mathematics IV (CMNPHETAR)320503100293.502Electronic Instruments & Measurements310503100393.503Computer Organisation310503100493.504Linear ICs & Applications310503100593.505Electromagnetic Theory310503100693.506Digital Electronics Lab--4150--793.507Integrated Circuits Lab--4150--Total1568550500Total Marks1050 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Code T) Semester VIHours/WeekSessionalUniversity ExamsNoCodeSubjectLTD/PMarksHoursMarks193.602Industrial Engineering & Management31-503100293.602Communication Engineering31-503100393.603Industrial Electronics31-503100493.604Computer Programming3-2503100593.605Microprocessors31-503100693.606Communication Engineering Lab--4150--793.607Mini Project--4150--Total15410550500Total Marks1050 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Code T) Semester VIIHours/WeekSessionalUniversity ExamsNoCodeSubjectLTD/PMarksHoursMarks193.701Microwave Engineering31-503100293.702Digital Signal Processing31-503100393.703Control Systems31-503100493.704Radiation & Propagation31-503100593.705Elective-I32-503100693.706Microprocessor Lab--2150--793.707Industrial Electronics Lab--2150--893.708Project Design & Seminar--2 250 50- -- -Total1568650500Total Marks1150 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Code T) Semester VIIIHours/WeekSessionalUniversity ExamsNoCodeSubjectLTD/PMarksHoursMarks193.801Microprocessor Based Systems31-503100293.802Television Engineering31-503100393.803Advanced Communication Systems31-503100493.804Radar, Guidance & Navigation31-503100593.805Elective-II31-503100693.806Communication Systems & Microwave Lab--31503100793.807Project & Project Seminar--6100--893.808General Viva-Voce-----100Total1559500600Total Marks1100 Grand Total Marks from Semesters I to VIII - 7800 Elective IElective IIInformation Theory & CodingDigital image ProcessingOptical Communication IOptical InstrumentationComputer Architecture & Parallel ProcessingComputer NetworksBiomedical Instrumentation IBiomedical Instrumentation - IIModern Control Theory - IModern Control Theory - IIVLSI Design SEMESTER I & II 93.101-93.107. (CMNPHTEAR) See CIVIL SYLLABUS 93.108 ELEMENTS OF ELECTRONICS Module 1 Resistors, Preferred values, colour codes, fixed resistors, general construction, critical R value, high frequency equivalent circuit, temperature coefficient of resistor, voltage coefficient of resistor.General purpose resistor, carbon composition resistors, film resistors, carbon film, oxide film, thick and thin film, thin metal film resistors, low power wire wound resistors, medium power resistors, high power resistors, precision resistors. Specialised resistors, high frequency types, meter multipliers and shunts, shunt, power ceramic composition type, high resistance type, fusible resistors, positive temperature coefficient resistors, ballasts. Trimming potentiometers, wire wound cermet, carbon composition, metal film, specifications such as total resistance, resolution, setting stability rotational life. Capacitors, colour code, classification base on dielectric, paper, film glass, ceramic(general purpose) temp. compensating, tantalum. Aluminium electrolytic main applications, advantage, disadvantage,range of values, range of maximum DC voltage rating for above. Electrolytic capacitor, theory, polarized, semipolarized and non-polarized types, voltage rating, riple, leakage current, application & precaution, tantalum electrolytic and stable capacitors. Trimmer capacitors, air, ceramic, glass, plastic, mica types, and applications. Transformers, audio video, pulse transformers, inductors, various types. Resonance, series, parallel, expression for half power frequency, relation between bandwidth Q and resonant frequency comparison of parallel and series resonance. Module 2 Vaccum tubes, basic principles of diodes, triodes, tetrode and pentode. Semiconductor theory, band theory of metals. Intrinsic and Extrinsic semi conductors. PN junction diodes characteristics. Basic transistor theory, different configuration and characteristics. Module 3 Electron dynamics, motions of charge particles in electric, magnetic and combined electric & magnetic fields. Basic instruments for electronic measurement, use of multimeter for measurment of Current, Voltage and Resistance. FET, Vacuum tube voltmeter, Digital voltmeter, Digital frequency meter, Oscilloscope, measurement of frequency and phase. AF generators, Function generators, function of control knobs and switches of above mentioned instruments. 93. 109 ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS (CMNPHETARSee CIVIL SYLLABUS SEMESTER III 93.301 MATHEMATICS (CMNPHETAR) See CIVIL SYLLABUS 93.302 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY Module 1 SI units of current, voltage, power and energy; relationships between electrical mechanical and thermal units. Electrostatics: Electric field intensity, flux density, permittivity, Electric potential and potential gradient, dielectric, capacitance, breakdown voltage construction and performance of (Leclanche Cell, Mercuric Cell), and secondary cell (Lead acid Cell), maintenance of secondary cells. Electromagnetism: Magnetic effect of electric current, flux density, field intensity, permeability, reluctance. Force acting on a current carrying conductor, electromagnetic induction, Faradays Laws, lenzs law, statically and dynamically induced emf, self and mutual inductance.Transformers: Principle of operation, EMF equation, phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, regulation, losses, efficiency, auto transformer, OC and SC tests. Module 2 AC Circuits: Waveform, frequency, peak, rms and average values, peak factor, form factor, sinusoidally varying quantities, phase representation, reactance impedance, power factor, Analysis of simple series and parallel circuits consisting of R, L and C. Three phase system: Star and delta connection, relationship between line and phase values, power in three phase circuits, lay out of a typical power system (Block diagram only), Measurement of power using two wattmeters. Module 3 DC generators - principles of operation, emf equation, type of generators, characteristics and applications. DC motors: torque and speed operations, types characteristics and applications, principles of starting.Synchronous machines: Alternator, emf equation, principles of operation synchronous motor: methods of starting, applications.3 phase induction machines: types, slip, characteristics and applications. References. 1. H. Cotton, Applied electricity. 2. B.L. Theraja, Electrical technology. N.B.. : Total nine questions: Three from each module. Answer any two questions from each module. 93.303 SOLID STATE DEVICES AND MICROELECTRONICS Module 1 The Schrodinger wave equation. Potential well problem - Energy bands - Metals, semiconductors and insulators - direct and indirect band gap semiconductors.Charge carriers in semiconductors - electron and holes - Effective mass - intrinsic material - extrinsic material - Carrier concentration - Fermi level - Electron and hole concentration at equilibrium - temperature dependence of carrier concentration - Drift of carrier - conductivity and mobility - Effect of temperature and doping on mobility - hall effect.Direct and indirect recombination, trapping - Steady state carrier generation - Quasi fermi level - measurement of lifetime - diffusion of charge carriers - diffusion coefficients - Einstens relations Continuity equations - diffusion length, diffusion current, drift current. Module 2 PN diode structure - equilibrium condition - The contact potential - Equilibrium Fermi level - Space charge at a junction - Forward and reverse biased junctions - Carrier injection - Minority and majority carrier currents V-I characteristics - Diode equivalent circuit - Small signal parameters - Reverse bias breakdown - Transient ac conditions, temperature dependence of parameters - Metal semi conductor junctions - photo diodes - LED LCD.Bipolar junction transistors - BJT structure fundamentals of BJT Operation - Minority carriers distribution and terminal current - the coupled diode model - small signal equivalent circuit - V-I characteristics, switching - high current and high voltage effect - photo transistor. Module 3. JFET structure - JFET principle of operation, V-I characteristics, equation for drain current, small-signal linear equivalent circuit, equation for transconductance, JFET fabrication - MOSFET structure - fabrication out line - MOS Capacitor, enhancement and characteristics of UJT and SCR. Processes involved in integrated circuit, planar process, diffusion and epitaxy, monolithic circuits, photolithography, isolation techniques, packing and interconnection, Monolithic components, capacitor, resistors, diodes, bipolar and field effect devices, A typical Monolithic circuit, Ion implantation, Principles of thin and thick film technologies, Basic principles of LSI and VLSI. References: Ben.G. Streetman, Solid state electronic devices, PHI . Mauro Zambuto, Semiconductor Devices,. D. Nagchoudhuri, Semiconductor Devices, M.S. Tyagi, Introduction to Semiconductor material and devices, John Wiley and Sons. Millman and Grabel, Micro Electronics. 93.304 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS - 1 Module 1 Rectifiers, Filters and Regulators Rectifiers: Half wave, fullwave and bridge rectifiers. Filters:- Capacitor, inductors, LC filters, Pi filters, voltage regulators - Shunt and series types, line regulation, output impedance, short circuit protection, fold back current protection, pre regulators, Design of voltage regulator circuits. Diode Circuits .Analysis of simple diode circuits, ac load line, dc load line, function generator circuits, diode array applications, analog switch, multipliers, phase detector, clipping circuit, parallel clipping circuits, zener clipping, transfer characterstics of clipper, Synthesis and analysis of clipping circuits, clamping circuits, clamping of sinusoidal and non sinusoidal wave forms. RC Circuits. High pass and low pass RC circuits, response to sine, step, pulse and square wave inputs, high pass RC as differentiator and low pass RC as integrator. Module 2 BJT Amplifiers CE, CB, CC configurations, DC analysis of transistor circuits, Analytical and graphical approach, h-parameter model of transistor. Relationship between CC, CB, CE parameters, expression for voltage gain, current gain input resistance and output resistance - Analysis cascaded stages. High input impedance - of BJT amplifiers. Effect of coupling and bypass capacitor. Hybrid Pi equivalent circuit gain band width calculation, gain band width product, Emitter follower at high frequency, Frequency response of cascaded stages, Design of cascaded RC coupled CE transistor amplifier for a specified gain and bandwidth, Frequency compensation, Low frequency compensation, High frequency compensation, Cascade amplifier. Module 3 FET as an amplifier, DC analysis of FETs, Biasing of FET circuits, self biasing, biasing to compensate for temperature variations, Biasing of depletion and enhancement type MOSFETs. Small signal analysis of FETs, Equivalent circuits of FETs, CG, CD and CS configurations, Low frequency and high frequency response of FET amplifier, Frequency response of cascaded FET amplifiers, Design of cascaded FET amplifiers for specified gain and bandwidth. Feedback amplifiers, classification of amplifiers, Feedback concepts, Feedback amplifier topologies, properties of negative feedback amplifier, General analysis of feedback amplifier, Multi loop feedback amplifier. References: Electronic Circuit Design - An Engineering Approach Savant, Roden Carpenter, Benjamin. Cumming Publishing Co. 1987. 2. Electronic Devices and Circuits - M.S. Ghausi 1985, Holt Saunders Int. ed. 3. Microelectronics - Milman and Grabel Mc Grawhill. Integrated Electronics - Milman and Halkias,Mc Grawhill. 5. Pulse Digital and Switching Circuits, Millman and Taub, Mc Grawhill. 6. Advanced Electronic Circuits, Titze and Schenk. N.B..: Set total nine questions, three from each module. Answer any two questions from each module. 93.305 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS Module 1 Network theorems, Thevenins theorem, Nortons theorem - Superposition theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Miller theorem - Maximum power transfer theorem & Maximum transfer by impedance matching and by transformer adjustment - Insertion loss.Signal representation - Impulse, step pulse and Ramp function. Use of Laplace Transform in the transient analysis of RC and LC networks with impulse, step, exponential, pulse and sinusoidal input, initial and final value theorems, step input for RLC circuits. Module 2 Network functions - The concept of complex frequency - driving point and transfer functions - Impulse response - Poles and Zeros of network functions and their locations and effects on the time and frequency domain. Restriction of poles and zeros in the driving point and transfer function. Magnitude and phase plots from s-plane phasors, Bode plots. The dominant pole approximation - The time constant method of obtaining the response. Parameters of two-port network; Definition of Z, Y ABCD & h-parameters and their determination for given network, conversion formulae. Module 3 Coupled circuit, single tuned and double tuned circuit effect of coefficient and coupling, Selectivity, Image impedance, Characteristic impedance and propagation constant - Wave filters - L.P.F. H.P.F., B.P.F., B.R.F., Constant - k and m - derived, terminating half sections - Attenuators and equalizers. Positive real function, Testing and synthesis of one port LC, RL and RC network (foster and cauer forms only) References: Network Analysis - Van Valkenburg Network Analysis - G.K. Mithal, Khanna Publishers. An Introduction to Network Synthesis - Van Valkenburg Micro electronics - Millman dnd Grabel. Network theory and filter design - V.K.Aatre, Wiley Eastern. N.B. : Set total 9 questions, three from each module. Answer any two questions from each module. 93.306 ELECTRONICS WORK SHOP Part A Identification of components and devices. Testing of components and devices. Coil winding, Design and construction single and multilayer Coil. Design and construction of small transformers. Use of measuring instruments like Multimeter, RLC meter, Power meter, Frequency meter, CRO for the measurements Voltage current frequency, phase, rise time fall time etc. Preliminary idea of PCB fabrication. Part B . Soldering practice - Soldering of given circuits. 93.307 BASIC ELECTRONICS LAB Characteristics of diodes, zener diodes, transistors, FETs, MOSFETs, UJT, SCRs. Rectifiers circuits with filters, simple regulator circuit, regulation characteristics, series regulator. Differentiating and integrating circuits, RC filter circuits, clipping and clamping circuits. RC coupled amplifiers using transistors and FETs, determination gain input and output impedance, frequency response characteristics. SEMESTER IV 93.401 MATHEMATICS III (CMNPHETAR) See CIVIL SYLLABUS Module 1. FOURIER SERIES AND FOURIER INTEGRALS: Fourier series - Dirichlets conditions - Eulerss formula - functions with period - even and odd functions - Halfrange expansions - complex form. Fourier Integral - Fourier transform - elementary properties. Module 2. PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; Formation - solution of first order equations - Homogeneous linear - equations with constant coefficients.Applications of Partial Differential Equations - The vibrating string - One dimensional heat flow - formation of the wave equation and heat equation by the method of separation of variables - solution of the Laplace equation in two dimensions. Module 3. LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS: Formulation - solution by graphical and simplex methods - dulaity - The Transportation problem - Assignment problem. 93.402 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY (TA) Module 1. Units of temperature, pressure, heat and energy - laws of perfect gases- Universal gas constant - specific heats - internal energy enthalpy - laws of thermodynamics - thermodynamic processes - constant volume, constant pressure, isothermal, adiabatic, polyenthropic, throttiling and free expansion - P.V. diagrams, workdone - air cycles - Carnot, Otto and diesel cycles.IC engines - working of two stroke and four stroke engines cycle-petrol and diesel engines - carburators - spark ignitions system - diesel fuel pump and injector (principle only) Power transmission - Belt, rope, chain and gear drives. (Principle only) Module 2. Refrigeration and airconditioning - air refrigeration - vapour compression and vapour absorption refrigeration, principles of airconditioning (description only).Fluid mechnanics: Properties of fluids - pressure, vapour pressure, compressibility, viscosity, surfacetension, toral pressure on a surface - centre of pressure. Principles of fluid motion - continuity - Bernollies equation - venturi meter - pitot tube - flow moist - oriffice meter - laminar and turbulent flows - Reynolds number (no problems). Module 3. Power plants - general layouts of hydro thermal and nuclear powerplants - head works - penstokes - hydrolic tar lines - generation of steam - modern biolers - steam turbines - condersers - diesel engine power plants - basic principle of nuclear reactors - solar, tidal and wind power (description only). Reference: Ballaney, Heat Engines Morse, Power Plant. N.B.: Set total 9 questions, three from each module.Answer any two questions from each module. 93.403 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS Module 1. Signals and Spectra. Line spectra and Fourier series - periodic signals and average power - Gibbs phenomenon - Parsevals power theorem - Fourier transforms and continuous spectra-symmetric and causal signals - time and frequency relations - time delay and scale change - frequency translation and modulation - differentiation and integration - convolution and multiplication - impulses and transforms in the limit - properties of the unit impulse - impulses in frequency - step and signum function - impulses in time. Signal Transmission and Filtering. Response of linear time invariant (LTI) systems - Impulse response and super position integral - transfer function and frequency response - signal distortion in transmission - distortionless transmission - linear distortion - equalization - transmission loss - power gain - repeaters - radio transmission - filter and filtering - ideal and real filters - pulse response and rise time - correlation and spectral density - correlation of power signals, energy signals. Module 2. Probability and Random Variables ,Probabilities and events - probability as frequency of occurrence - sample space and axiomatic probability - conditional probability and statistical independence - random variables and probability funcitons - discrete random variables - continuous random variables - CDFs - PDFs - Joint and conditional PDFs statistical average - Means, moments, expectations and standard deviation - probability models - Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian and Rayleigh Distributions.Amplitude Modulation AM signals and spectra - DSB signals and spectra - modulators: Product, Square law, Balanced and switching modulators - SSB signals and spectra, VSB signals and spectra. Module 3. Exponential Continuous wave Modulation FM and PM signals - Narrow band FM and PM - Tone modulation of FM and PM signals - Multitone and periodic modulation - Modulation index and frequency deviation - Wideband FM - Limiters - Reactance and Armstrong modulators.Detection of AM and FM signals.AM detection; Frequency conversion and demodulation - Synchronous detection - Envelope detection - Principles of superhetrodyne receivers - RF and IF amplifiers - Mixer and local oscillator circuits - Tracking and alignment - Neutralization and unilateralization.Detection of FM waves - Balanced slope detector - Foster Seely discriminator - Ratio detector. Text Bookss: Bruce Carlson - Communication systems 3 ed. Mc Grawhill. N.B.: Set total nine questions, three from each module.Answer any two questions from each module. 93.404 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS - II Module 1. Power Amplifiers. Classification of large signal amplifiers - class A, AB, B, C, D, S - Harmonic distortion, efficiency and figure of merit of class A, AB, B; transformer - coupled amplifiers, push pull amplifiers, advantages of push pull amplifiers, complementary symmetry amplifiers, Design of a public address system amplifier, power FETs, VMOS, amplifiers.Tuned Amplifiers Single tuned circuits using BJTs and FETs, impedance transformations and transformer coupling, narrow band tuned amplifiers, cascade tuned amplifiers, synchronous and stagger tuning oscillation possiblilities in tuned amplifiers, Neutralisation, Class C amplifiers, Power calculations, Expression for efficiency. Module 2. DC Amplifiers.Various configurations of direct coupled amplifiers, study of drift effect of Vbe, hfe, Icbo, Difference amplifier: Common mode and difference mode signals, CMRR, Methods to improve CMRR, Cascading of difference amplifier, chopper stabilized amplifier. Oscillators. Sinusodial oscillators The Barkhausen criterion, practical considerations, Analysis and design of RC phase shift oscillators, Wien bridge oscillators, Hartley and Colpitts oscillators (all circuits using BJTs and FETs). Amplitude stabilizations, Crystal oscillators, Frequency stability, stability criterion, UJT and Tunnel diode oscillators. Module 3. Astable, Monostable and Bistable multivibrators using BJTs, triggering considerations, analysis and design of multivibrators. Schmitt trigger circuits, Hystersis, Analysis and design of schmitt trigger circuits. Sweep Circuits . Linearity, sweep speed error, displacement error, transmission error, voltage sweep circuits, Transistor constant current sweep, Miller Sweep, Bootstrap sweep Analysis and design of voltage sweep circuits, current sweep circuits, simple current sweep, Linearity correction through adjustment of driving waveforms transistor current time base generators, Blocking oscillators, a triggered transistor blocking oscillator, base timing, emitter timing, Recovery, Astable Blocking oscillators, Application of blocking oscillators. References: 1. Electronic Circuit Design - An Engineering Approach Savant, Roden, Carpenter, Benjamin. Cumming Publishing Co. 1987. 2. Electronic Devices and Circuits - M.S.Ghausi 1985. Holt Saunders International Edition.3. Microelectronics - Millman and Grabel Mc Grawhill 4. Integrated Electronics - Millman and Halkias, Mc Grawhill. 5. Pulse Digital and Switching Circuits, Millman and Taub, Mc Grawhill. 6. Advanced Electronic Circuits, Titze and Schenk. N.B.: Set total nine questions, three from each Module . Answer any two questions from each module. 93.405 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS Module 1. Boolean Algebra, switching algebra, completely and incompletely specified switching functions, Karnaugh method, Quine Mc-cluskey method, Number system and their conversions, basic binary adders and subtractors, carry look - ahead adders representation and addition of signed binary numbers, codes for decimal numbers and their conversions, decimal adders/subtractors. Integrated circuit gate, TTL, ECL, CMOS, NMOS, IIL Logic families, characteristics and comparison of the major IC logic families, combinational logic design using SSI gates, combinational logic design using MSI devices and applications, combinational logic design using ROM array. Module 2. Difference between combinational and sequential circuits, Flip - Flops, Design of counters, up-down counters, shift registers, shift registers, ring counters. Basic models of sequential machine, Equivalence and minimization, General procedures for analysing and synthesizing synchronous flip flop circuits, analysis of asynchronous sequential circuits, state assignment without critical races for asynchronous circuits, synthesis fo asynchronous sequential circuits. Memories ROM cells and circuits, PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, static read/write memories (RAMs) Bipolar RAM, MOSFET RAMs, ECL RAMs, Dynamic RAMs programmable logic array, Magnetic disc memory, magnetic bubble memory, CCDs. Module 3. CMOS multivibrators, The CMOS astable multivibrators, Multivibrators for short timing intervals. An integrated circuits TTL Monostable multivibrator (74121), An integrated circuit timer (555). Fault detection and location classical methods, path sensing methods, equivalent normal form method, Two level circuit fault detection, multilevel circuits fault detection, boolean difference method SPOOF method. Fault detection and location in sequential circuits - Circuit test approach, initial state identification, final state identification Design of Fault detection experiment in diagnosable machines. References: 1. Digital circuits and logic design, Samuel C Lee 2. Introduction to digital circuits, Theodore f. Bogart 3. Digital Integrated Electronics, Taub & Schlling. N.B.: Set nine questions, three from each Module Answer any two from each module. 93.406 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (TA) 01. Measurement of single phase power using wattmeter . 02. Measurement of 3 phase power using 2 wattmeters 03. Transformation Ratio and load test on single phase transformer. 04. OC & SC tests on single phase transformer pre-determination of efficiency and regualtion. 05. Seperation of core losses in a single phase transformer . 06. O C C of self exited DC generator . 07. External and Internal characteristic of DC generator . 08. Brake test on DC series Motor - Determination of Motor characteristics. 09. Induction Motor starting and load tests. 10. No load and blocked rotor tests on induction motor 93.407 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS LAB (Use descrete components only) 01. RC coupled amplifiers using BJTs and FETs . 02. Feed back amplifiers, Gain and frequency response. 03. Power amplifiers, Maximum power transfer . 04. Difference amplifiers . 05. Cascade amplifiers . 06. Phase shift, Wein Bridge, Hartly and Colpitts Oscillators, . UJT Oscillators. 07. Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrator circuits. 08. Schmitt trigger circuits. 09. Tuned amplifiers, frequency response SEMESTER V 93.501 MATHEMATICS (CMNPHETAR) See CIVIL SYLLABUS 93.502 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Module 1. GENERALISED APPROACH TO MEASUREMENT QUANTITIES AND INSTRUMENTS. Introduction - Classification of variables and analogies -Generalised approach to a measuring system - Performance characteristics of instruments - Analysis of errors - Units. TRANSDUCERS AND DISPLAY DEVICES Introduction - Passive transducers - Active transducers - Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive types - Electromagnetic, Thermo electric, Photovoltaic and piezo electric transducers - Digital transducers. Theory of LED, LCD EPID display devices and applications. SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND CONVERSION Introduction - Transducer bridges - Instrumentation amplifiers - Analog digital data and sampling - Interference, screens and shielding, signal recovery, filtering to remove noise, lock in amplifiers, magnetic taperecording. Module 2. SIGNAL GENERATORS Block schematics and principles of operation of audio generators - Functions generators - Pulse generators - RF generators - Frequency synthesizers. DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS Frequency counters - Period counters, counting errors, digital voltmeters, autoranging, Digital LCR meters. POWER METERS Block schematic and principles of operation of AF power meter, RF power Microwave power meter, VSWR meter, Measurement using above. Module 3. CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE The cathode ray tube deflection amplifier, wave form display, oscilloscope time base, automatic time base, dual trace oscilloscope dual beam & split beam CRTs. Oscilloscope controls, measurement of voltage, frequency and phase. lissajous figures. Pulse measurement - Oscilloscope probe. SPECIAL OSCILLOSCOPES Delayed time base oscilloscope and controls, analogue storage oscilloscope storage oscilloscope controls, sampling oscilloscopes, digital storage oscilloscope.A/D Conversion, storage, digital memory, D/A conversion, Recovery from memory and digital oscilloscopes.Principles of operation of spectrum analysers, logic state analysers. References: 01. JONES: Instrumentation Measurement and Feedback, TMH EDITION. 02. DOEBLIN: Measurement Systems: Application and Design, MC GRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY. 03. DAVID A BELL: Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement, RUSTON PUBLISHING CO. INC. 04. OLIVER: Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, MC GRAW-HILL. 05. B.C. NAKRA: Instrumentation Measurement & Analysis, TMH 93.503 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION Module 1. Basic structure of computer Hardware and software, Functional block diagram of a computer, Functional description of each unit, Basic operational concepts, Bus structures, Software, Distributed computing, Addressing methods and machine program sequencing memory locations, address and encoding of information, main memory opeartions, instructions and instruction sequencing, adddressing modes assembly language, PDP-11 addressing modes and instructions, (programming not required), stacks, subroutines features of instruction set of VAX, IBM AND CYBER, central processing unit, fundamental concepts, execution of complete instruction, sequencing of control signals-hardwired control and microprogrammed control micro intstructions, grouping of control signals, imcroprogram sequencing, branch address modification, wide branch addressing, micro instructions with next address field, prefetching microinstructions, emulation bit slices, RISC processors multiprocessors. Module 2. Design of ALU, Address, Fast address, Subtractors, Multiplication of positive numbers, single operand multiplication-Booth algorithm, fast multiplication, integer division, floating point numbers and operations, guard bits and rounding Implementation of floating point operation, IEEE floating point standards. I/O devices. Videoterminals, video displays, flat panel display graphic input devices, printers. Mass storage devices, basic magnetic storage techniques, magnetic disc systems, floppy discs, winchester discs, magnetic-drum systems, magnetic tape systems, cartridge tape systems, magnetic bubble devices, charge couple devices, file servers. Module 3. I/O organization (1)accessing I/O devices (2)direct memory access, (3)Interrupts and interrupt handling, enabling and disabling interrupts, handling multiple devices, device identification, vectored interrupts, interrupt nesting simultaneous requests, controlling device requests, PDP-11 interrupt structure, types of interrupts. (4)I/O interfaces, interface design example, serial interface, bus scheduling, standard I/O interfaces - multibus, Nubus, IEEE-488 bus, I/O channels. Memory organization, cache memories, mapping functions, virtual memory, memory management requirements, VAX-11 virtual memory system, translation process- translation speed uptechniques paging, memory management hardware.System software - assemblers, compliers, interpreters, text editors, debuggers, loaders, linkers, operating system. Computer communications, communication with a remote terminal, error control, multiterminal configuration, circuits and message switching, Local Area Networks. Text Bookss: Computer Organization, V.CARL HAMACHER, ZVONKO G. VRANESIC & SAFWAT G. ZABY, MC GRAW-HILL. References: 01. STURCTURED COMPUTER ORGANIZATION, Andrew S. Tanenbaum. 02. COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ORGANIZATION, John P. Hayes, MC Graw Hill.03. COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE, Mano. 04. COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND PROGRAMMING, C.William Gear. 93.504 LINEAR IC & APPLICATIONS Module 1. Operational amplifiers - architecture, internal simplified circuit diagram of 741, qualitative description, dc and ac analysis of the circuits, frequency response and high frequency equivalent circuits of 741, definition and measurement of performance parameters of OP amplifiers, universal balancing techniques, frequency compensation of OP amplifiers. Inverting non-inverting types of amplifiers, adder, integrator voltage follower, Bridge amplifiers, reference voltage source, V to I and I to V converter, current amplifiers, charge amplifiers, differential amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, log and antilog amplifiers, temperature compensation, limiter circuits, function generators, precision rectifiers, comparators, window comparators, S/H circuits, schmitt trigger. Analog multipliers, logarithamic, quarter square, triangular, averaging, time division and current ratio multiplier circuits, analog divider, squre rooters. Module 2. DACs, Specification, weighted resistor, R-2R ladder, current driver, inverter ladder and bipolar DACs, comparison of various types. ADCs, specification, single slope, dual slope, parallel and successive approximation ADCs, ADCs using V to F conversion Comparison of various types of active filters, characteristic, Butterworth function, second order transfer function of various types of filters, frequency transformation, Infinite gain multiple feedback, filter, infinite gain state. Variable filter, universal active filter, GIC, NIC, simulated inductance circuits. Module 3. RC phase shift, Weinbridge and quadrature oscillators, astable monostable multivibrator, square wave form generators and its application.Switched capacitor filters, advantages, limitation, integrators, summing integrator, differential integrator lossy integrator, second order switched capacitance filter. (only approximate analysis is required for SC filter) PLL and its application, circuits of VCO, PD, study of 565 and 4046 PLL IC, (block schematic). 8038 wave form generator ic, study of timer IC 555 and its application.Study of voltage regulator IC 723, analysis and design of low voltage, high voltage, positive and negative voltage regulator circuits, fold back current limiting, floating voltage regulator circuits, fold back current limiting, floating voltage regulator, 3 pin fixed, variable regulator, switching mode voltage regulator, IC power amplifiers. References: 01. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS - G.E.Tobbey, J.G.Grame, L.P. Huelsman, M.C.Grawhill. 02. APPLICATION OF ANALOG INTEGRATOR CIRCUITS - S. Soclof, PHI. 03. ADVANCED ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS - Tietze and Shenk, Narosa Publishing House. 04. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS - Gaykward, PHI. 93.505 ELECTRO MAGNETIC THEORY Module 1. REVIEW OF VECTOR ANALYSIS: Scalar and Vector products, Transformation among rectangular, spherical and cylindrical co-ordinate systems.Coulombs law, electric fields, electrical potential, fields of continuous charge distribution, equipotential surfaces, fields due to the line and surface charges. The gradient and its use in obtaining the force field from the work field. Electric flux density and Gausss law, application of Gausss law, boundary conditions for the electric field. Divergence and differential form of Gausss law. Laplaces equation, Poissons, equation, capacitance and electrostatic energy. Two postulates for the magnetic field, Larentz force, magnetic field of a long straight wire carrying. Force between two parallel wires, Magnetic field from a wire loop, magnetic field in a solenoid and torrid magnetic flux and flux density, Amperes law, magnetic field strength H and magnetomovive force F. Applications of Amperes law, Inductance, energy stored in inductor. Circulation and Curl of a vector field. Differential form of Amperes law. The magnetic vector potential. Boundary conditions for the magnetic field. Module 2. Maxwells equations - Interpretations - Vector in differential form. The wave equation, wave equation for free space, wave equation in material media, sinusoidal plane waves, plane waves in insulating and dielectric media. Plane waves in conducting media. Conductors and insulators. Wave polarisation-Linear, Elliptical, and circular polarisations. Flow of energy and pointing vector for sinusoidal time variation complex pointing vector - simple application. Reflection and refraction of plane wave at boundaries for normal and oblique incidence. Brewster angle. Module 3. The uniform transmission lines, The lossless lines. Reflection and transmission at the end of a line. Reflection and transmission at a discontinuity on the line. Lossless transmission lines with sinusoidal voltage sources. Reflection and voltage standing wave ratio impedance matching using stub lines, half wave transformer, quarter wave transformer, lines with losses - D.C. line, Low frequency line (RC Cable). High frequency line, Smith chart.The hollow rectangular wave guide-modes of propagation - wave guide as high pass filter-dominant mode-concept of-calculations attenuation in wave guides. Intrinsic, characteristic and wave impedances. References: 01. MARTIN A PLONUS: Applied Electromagnetics . 02. JOHN D DRAUS: Electromagnetic MC GRAW HILL. 03. HAYT (TMH): Engineering Electromagnetics. 04. EDWARD C JORDAN: Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems. 93.506 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 01. Characteristics of TTL and CMOS gates . 02. Realisation of logic circuits using TTL & CMOS NAND/NOR gates. 03. Astable & Monostable using TTL and CMOS gates . 04. Realisation of RS, T, D, JK & Master slave flip-flop using gates. 05. Arithmetic circuits, Half adder, Full adder, 4-bit adder/subtractor, BCD adders. 06. Shift register,counters,up/down counters,using flip-flops.07. Counter ICs, Programmable counters/sequence generator. 08. BCD to decimal and BCD to 7 segment decoder. 09. Multiplexers, Realization combinational circuits using multiplexers.10. Monostable ICs.11. Timer Circuits. 93.507 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LAB 01. Operation amplifiers -Familiarisation -Measurement of parameters.02. Inverting and Non inverting amplifiers, frequency response of OP amplifiers, Summing amplifier.. 03. Weinbridge Oscillator using OP amplifier with amplitude stabilisation. 04. Triangular and square wave generators using OP amplifiers. 05. Voltage comparator ICs, Window Comparator. 06. IC voltage regulator, Fold back protection. 07. IC power amplifiers. 08. Astable monastable and Schmitt trigger circuits using OP amplifiers. 09. Simple type of switching mode power supply. 10. Precision rectifier using OP amplifier. 11. Familiarisation of multiplier IC, DAC, ADC, VCO. Semester VI 93.601 INDUSTRIAL ENGG. AND MANAGEMENT Common with 5 EE (93.502), 5 R (93.502),5 H (93.502) 93.602 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Module 1. TELEGRAPHY :Telegraphy codes, Morse key and sounder-telegraph circuits - simplex and duplex circuits - basic principles of teleprinter, fascimile, E mail.TELEPHONY: Telephone hand set - dial - ASTIC - Uniselector and two motion selectors - Trunking diagrams for 1000 and 10,000 line exchanges - IDF and MDF - Line protectors. Basic principles of 3 channel power line, carrier communication. Module 2. Radio communication, Block diagram of AM and FM Radio Transmitter, Circuits, Block diagram of AM and FM radio receiver circuits. Noise: Different types of noise, Equivalent noise Bandwidth, Noise temperature, S/N Ratio, Noise figure, Cascaded stages, experimental determination of Noise figure. Pulse Modulation Systems. Sampling theorem - Analog pulse modulation schemes - PAM and PPM - Generation and detection circuits - Bandwidth requirements of each scheme, S/N of each, time division multiplexing. Module 3. Digital pulse modulation - Pulse code modulation - generation and reconstruction,quantization noise, nonuniform quantization and companding - DPCM - Delta modulation adaptive delta modulation. PCM schemes - FSK, PSK, QPSK & QASK, MSK, M- ary schemes, coherent and noncoherent systems -detection of binary signal in the presence of noise, matched filter, correlation Receiver, Data modems. Information Theory and Coding Information theory - Source coding, Shannon - Fano Coding, Huffman Coding - Entropy and information rate-Discrete channel Capacity. Shannons theorm, Shannon Hartley law, Principles of channel coding, Block codes and convolutional codes Cyclic code (Hamming Code) Generation and detection - Channel coding and Trellis code modulation, ARQ systems. References: 01. N.N. BISWAS - Principles of Telegraphy. 02. J.W. FREEBODY - Telegraphy. 03. N.N.B.ISWAS - Automatic Telephony. 04. TAUB AND SCHILLING - Principles of Communication Systems. 05. SAM SHUNMUGOM - Analog and Digital Communication. 06. STREMLER - Introductin to Communication Systems. 07. HAYKIN - Digital Communication 93.603 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS Module 1. POWER SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES: Requirement of switch in power converters. Classification of switches diodes and silicon controlled rectifiers. Controllable switches such as bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), power MOSFETs, GTOs, Insulated gate Bipolar transistors(IGBTs). Static and dynamic characteristics of these switches, spice models for these switches. DIODE RECTIFIERS: Single phase three phase bridge rectifiers. LC and C filters. Definition of power factor, influence on the AC line. Inrush currents at turn on. Design of rectifier circuits. CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS: Single phase half wave rectifier with different types of loads, extention to 1 phase full wave controlled rectifieres and 3 phase half and full wave controlled rectifiers. Choice of inrush and fuse protection considerations. AC/AC controllers. Module 2. DC-DC SWITCHED MODE CONVERTERS: Introduction to switched mode power converters. Basic principles of operation of Buck converters, continuous and discontinuous conduction modes operation of PWM control I.C. Buck boost and Cuck converters. Derived converters like push pull, forward, half and full DC-DC converters.Introduction to magnetic components like transformers and inductor. LINEAR AND SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLIES: Introduction to linear power supplies. Design of linear supply using linear regulated ICs. Advantages and limitations of linear power supplies isolation requirements. Design of multi-output half bridge converter and switched mode power supply with a case study. Module 3. POWER CONDITIONERS AND UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLIES: Power line disturbances, effect on sensitive loads such as computer power supplies etc; power conditioners like voltage stabilisers EMI filters principles of servo controlled and electronic stabilisers. Introduction to Uninterruptable power supplies, battery chargers. Different types of inverters for UPS system. Static switches. SOLID STATE CONTROLLED DRIVES: DC motor system. Application of rectifier circuits and chopper circuits. AC motor system application of AC regulators, inverters, and Cyclo converters. Pulse controlled resistance. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION: Photo electric devices and optoisolators. Industrial application like counting of moving objects, automatic control olf lighting, garage door opener etc. Basic theory of high frequency heating and its industrial application.Ultrasonic and its application in industry. Industrial X-ray application electrostatic precipitation and its application in industry. Principle of resistance wilding. Resistance welding control with solid state circuits. References: 01. Ned Mohan :POWER ELECTRONICS: CONVERTERS, APPLICATIONS AND DESIGN, John Willey & Sons 1989.02. Umanand & Bhat :DESIGN OF MAGNETIC COMPONENTS FOR SWITCHED MODE POWER CONVERTERS, Willey Eastern Ltd 1992. 03. Chryssis :HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING POWER SUPPLIES: THEORY AND DESIGN, Mc Graw Hill Book Company 1984.. 04. Cage :THEORY AND APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, Mc Graw Hill Book Company. 05. Chute :ELECTRONICS IN INDUSTRY, Mc Graw Hill Book Company (Fifth Edition). 06. Cyrl W. Landu :POWER ELECTRONICS, Mc Graw Hill.07. P.C. Sen :POWER ELECTRONICS, Mc Graw Hill. 93.604 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Module 1. Introduction to C, C fundamentals. The character set,Identifiers and key words, Data types, constants, variables and arrays, declarations expressions, Relational and logical operators the conditional operator, Library functions-Data Input and output-getchar, putchar, scanf, printf, gets and puts functions-interactive programming. Module 2. Control statements - While, do-while, for, nested loops, ifelse, switch, break continue. The comma operator, goto statements. Functions-a brief overview, defining a functions, accessing a function, passing arguements to a function, specifying argument data types, function phototypes, Recursion.Programme structure-storage classes, automatic variables, external variables, static variables, multi-file programs, more about library functions. Arrays:- Defining an array, processing an array, passing arrays to a function, multimentionals arrays, arrays and strings. Module 3. Pointers - Fundamentals, Pointer declarations, passing pointers to a function, pointers and One-Dimensional arrays, Operations on Pointers, Pointers and Multi-Dimensional arrays, Passing functions to other functions, More about pointer declarations, Structures and unions: Defining structures, Processing a structure, User defined data types (type DEF), Structures and pointers, passing structures to a function, self referencial structures, Unions. Datafiles: Opening and closing of a data file, Creating a data file, Processing a data file, Unformatted details. Low level Programming: Register Variables, Bitwise operation, bitfields.Some additional features of C:Enumeration, command line parameters, More about library functions, mocros, the C pre processor. Text Bookss: Theory and Problems of Programming with C Byron S. Gottfried. (Schaums Outline Seris) References: 01. The C Programming Language By Berain W. Kerningham & Dennis M.Ritchie. 02. The Spirit of C - An Introduction to Modern Programming By Mullish and Cooper. 03. Programming in C . By E. Balaguruswammy. 04. Shaums Series - Programming with C . 05. Ram Kumar - Programming in ANSI C 93.605 MICROPROCESSORS Module 1. Main functional blocks of microprocessors, Detailed study of the Architecture and microcomputer - organisation of 8085 - comparitive study of the architectural features of 280, 6800 and 6502. Instruction types, Addressing modes - Instruction set of 8085 - Assembly language programming, Programming examples. Instruction cycle, Machine cycle, clock cycle, Instruction and Data flow, Timing diagrams. Interrupts, Basic Concepts, polling ventured interrupts Priority Interrupt, Non maskable interrupt, Masking of interrupt in 8085, Timing diagrams for interrupt.Functions of READY, Hold, HLDA. Timing diagram associated with Halt instruction. Module 2. Study of memory chips commonly used in present micro computer system, memory access time, Cycle time, Timing of memory Read and write cycle.Memory map of a typical microprocessor - Design of a memory system using standard memory chips - Interfacing memory with 8085 CPU. I/O interfacing - Memory maped I/O and I/O maped I/O. Data Trasfer schemes between I/O and CPU. Synchronous and asynchronous, Interrupt driven data transfer schemes, DMA data transfer, serial data transfer.Functional Diagram, and Interface with CPU of the following peripheral devices .a. Programmable Peripheral Interface - 8155 and 8255. b. Programmable interval timer - 8153. c. Programmable Communication Interface - 8251. d. Programmable DMA controller - 8257 Module 3. Functional diagram, interface with CPU and programming of the following peripheral devices.. a. Programmable interrupt controller - 8259. b. Programmable Key Board/Display Interface - 8279. c. Floppy Disk Controller - 8272. d. Winchester Disk controller - 82064. e. CRT controller - 8275, M6845. Study of the design of a typical 8085 Microprocessor kit - study of Monitor program. Text Bookss: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and application with the 8085/8080A by RAMESH S. GOANKAR. References: 01. ROY W. GOODY: Microprocessors - Mc Graw Hill. 02. SCHAMMS SERVICES:Microprocessor Fundamentals - Mc Graw Hill. 03. ADITYA P. MATHUR: Introduction to Microprocessors. 04. KENNETH L. SHORT: Microprocessors and Programmed Logic. 05. GILMORE: Microprocessors - Principles and Applications. 93.606 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING LAB Amplitude modulation and demodulation. 02. Pulse modulation and demodulation. 03. Passive filters, low pass, high pass, Band pass and Band stop constant K and M derived filters. 04. Active filters configuration, low pass, band pass, high pass, band stop filters. 05. Universal active filters. 06. Voltage controlled oscillators. 07. Frequency modulation and frequency of demodulation. 08. Gyrator circuits, inductive simulators. 09. Harmonic generators. 10. Familarisation of PLL, measurement of lock capture range, frequency demodulation, frequency multiplier using PLL. 11. Measurement of sensitivity, selectivity and fidelity of radio receivers. 93.607 MINI PROJECT Design Fabrication and Testing of simple systems like power supply function generator, public address system, radio receiver, tape recorderss etc., Study of PCB fabrication, circuit design using computer and lay out. Semester VII 93.701 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING Module 1. Microwave frequencies, conventional tube limitations, lead inductance and interelectrode capacitance effects, scorn tube, light house tube pencil tube, Transit time effects, Introduction to wave guide cavity, Resonators.Klystrons, Two-cavity Klystrons, velocitymodulation process and Bunching process including analysis, applegate diagram, output power and efficiency, Reflex Klystrons, velocity modulations, Oscillations mechanism with the help of admittance diagram, power output and efficiency travelling wave magnetrons, different modes of oscillation in travelling wave magnetrons, Mode seperators, Riecke diagram, tuning of magnetron. Module 2. TWT, slow wave structures, Helix travelling wave tubes, analysis of TWT, performance comparison of Klystron, Magnetron and TWT. Introduction to microwave solid state devices, Varactor diodes, PIN diodes, Gunn diodes, Tunnel diodes, IMPATT, TRAPATT, Microwave transistors, Microwave field effect transistors. Principles of parametric amplifiers, masers, essential components of a Ruby maser amplifier, Elemetary ideas on laser. Module 3. Scattering Matrix and its uses, Waveguide Tees, Eplane Tees, H Plane TEE magic Tee, Hybrid ring, Directional Couplers, Simple analysis using S matrix, waveguide corners, Bends, Twists.Farady rotation, circulation, Isolators, Phase shifter, Duplexer, Diplexer.Microwave measurement of impedence, Power frequency attenuation and VSWR, Industrial application of microwave, Microwave heating. References: 01. Microwave Devices and Circuits - Samuel Y. Liao. 02. Microwave principles - Reich, Ordung & Skolnik. 03. Theory and applications of Microwave - Arthur B. Brownwell and Robert E. Collins. 04. Foundations of Microwave Engineering - R.E. Collins. 05. Microwave Theory and Application - Stephen F. Adams. 06. Microwave Engineering - R. Chetterjee. 07. Microwave Engineering - Helsazajir. 93.702 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Module 1. Discrete time signals and systems linearity, time invariances, causality, impulse response, step response, convolution difference equation, frequency domain representation of discrete time system & signals, effect of sampling on frequency response, aliasing frequency response from impulse response.Z Transform, region of convergence, properties of Z Transform, inverse Z Transform, pole-zero location of discrete time system on Z plane, stability and frequency response from pole-zeros plot. Module 2. Digital filters representation - signal flow graph. Basic network structure for IIR filter. Direct cascaded, parallel form, Basic network structure for FIR filters, direct, cascaded form, linear phase FIR filters, Canonic form.Discrete fourier transform - properties: Circular convolution, Linear Convolution using D F T, Fast fourier transforms - decimation in time and decimation in frequency, FFT algorithms - general computation considerations. Bluestein algorithm, DSP chip - a general study. Application of FET for spectral analysis, convolution, spectral density, Power spectrum. Module 3. Properties of FIR filters, design of FIR filters using windows, computer aided design of FIR filters, Optimisation, Frequency sampling method.Design of IIR digital filters from analogue filters, Impulse invariant and Bi-linear transformation, computer aided design of IIR filters. A comparison of IIR digital filters with FIR filters. References: 01. Digital Signal Processing - Alan V. Oppenhein, Ronald W Schafer. 02. Introduction to Digital signal Processing - KUC. 03. Principles of Signals & Systems - F.J. Taylor. 04. Principles of DSP - Johnson. 05. Digital Signal Processing - Lonnie C. Ludeman. 93.703 CONTROL SYSTEMS Module 1. Laplace Transform - Application of Laplace Transforms to linear systems transfer function of linear systems - feed back control systems - convolution integral - transfer functions of simple mechanical and electro mechanical systems.Block diagrams and signal flow graphs - block diagram reduction - Mesons gain formula - typical examples. Module 2. Standard test signals time response of second order systems - natural frequency and damping ratios - steady state and dynamic error coefficients. Effect of derivative and Integral controls error coefficients. Effect of derivative and integral controls on the transient performance of control systems.Root locus method - construction of Root Locus stability analysis - Rouths & Hurwitz stability criterion. Frequency response analysis - polar and lograithmic plots (Nyquist and Bode plots) - Nyquist stability criterion - phase and gain margins - closed loop frequency response - lead, lag, lead-lag compensation - M & N Circles Nichols charts. Module- 3. Elements od discrete control systems, introduction to Z Transforms and inverse Z-Transforms, transfer function of discrete data stystem, simple closed loop discrete data systems, stability of closed-loop discrete data systems by Routh Hurwitz cirterion.Control system components - DC and AC servometers - Pneumatic Hydraulic systems - examples - fluidics - typical fluidic system - stepper motors. Text Bookss: 01. Modern Control Engineering - OGATA, Prentice Hall. 02. Automatic Control System - B.C. KUO, PHI.03. Feedback of control system - Distefano, Mc Graw Hill. 04. Linear Control Systems - D Azzo-Houpo, Mc Graw Hill. 93.704 RADIATION AND PROPAGATION Module 1. Fundamentals of antennas - concept of retarded magnetic vector potential radiation from current element -field component of far field. Current contributions - radiation resistance of a half wave dipole. Basic ideas of reciprocal resistance - gain, radiation intensity, directiveity, beam width, HPBW, BWFN, Effective area, effective length wave polarisation, FBR, antenna efficiency, radiation pattern, effect of earth on horizontal and vertical pattern.Antenna arrays-factors affecting radiation pattern-Array of point sources - Broadside and fire arrays condition - Hansen - Woodyard arrays. Principle of pattern multiplication. Non-uniform arraya - Binomial array. Pascal - Triangle, Distribution, Antenna Terminal impedance, Antenna Temperature and signal to noise ratio. Module 2. Special purpose antenna - Marconi Antenna - Antenna Relector Antennas, V & Rhombic Antenna - Frequency Independent antenna - Log periodic. Yagi-Uda antenna, Horn Antenna - Helical antenna - circular polarisation. Antenna matching: Measurements: Measurement of field strength impedance, radiation pattern radiation resistance gain directivity and effective length. Module 3. Basic ideas of ground propagation - Surface wave propagation - plane earth reflection - field strength at a distance wave tilt space wave field strength at a distance effect of earths curvature, distance between elevated antenna. Troposphiric scattering super reflection. Ionosphiric propagation - structure of Ionosphere - Effective di-electric constant of Ionosphere - effect of earths magenetic field Gyro frequency, mechanism of radio wave reflection- critical frequency and virtual height, maximum usable frequency and skip distance. Optimum working frequency. References: 01. Antennas - John D Draus, Mc Graw Hill. 02. Antenna Circuits Theory - Bellanis. 03. Electronics and Radio Engineering - Terman . 04. Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation - Collins. ELECTIVE I 93.705 ELECTIVE I INFORMATION THEORY & CODING Module 1. Information theory - Introduction, discrete messages, concept of amount of information - units, entropy - marginal, conditional and joint entropies - relation among entropies, Mutual information, Information rate, Shannons theorm, channel capacity - Redundancy and efficiency of a channel, symmetric channels - Binary symmetric channel (BSC), Binary erasure channel (BEC), capacity of a channel of infinite bandwidth, Use of orthogonal signals to attain Shannons limit, Efficiency of orthogonal signal transmission. Module 2. Source encoding: Instantaneous codes, construction of instantaneous codes, Kraft inequality, coding efficiency and redundancy, Noiseless coding theorm, construction of some basic source codes - Shannon - Fano coding, Huffman coding. Channel Coding:Coding for error detection and correction - Block codes - Error detecting and error correcting capabilities - generator and parity check matrices, standard array and syndrome decoding, examples of algebraic codes - Hamming codes, Cyclic codes - Encoding and decoding.Burst error correction - Block and convolutional interleaving. Introduction to ARQ systems. Module 3. Convolutional codes - Encoding, Tree, Trellis and state diagrams, Transfer function and minimum free distance, decoding in the presence of noise viterbi decoding, sequential decoding - Stack algorithm, Trellis decoded modulation. Information Theory application:Optimum modulation system, comparison of AM system with the optimum system, comparison of FM system, comparison of PCM & FM system. References: 01. H. TAUB & D.L. SCHILLING - Principles of Communication Systems (TMH, New Delhi). 02. Dr. P.S.SATHYANARAYANA - Probability, Information Coding Theory (Dynaram Publication, Bangalore). 03. J.DAS, S.K. MULLICK, P.K.CHATTERGEE - Principles of Digital Communication (Wiley Eastern Ltd.)04. JOHN G. PROAKIS - Digital Communication (Mc Graw Hill) 93.705 ELECTIVE I OPTICAL COMMUNICATION Module 1. Optical fibre types - Rays and modes - stop - index fibre structure - Ray optics representation - wave representation - grade - index fibre structure - GI numerical aperture.Fibre material and Fabrication methods: Outside CVD, Modified CVD and VAD methodes - losses in fibres - attenuation absorption, scattering and radiation losses - signal distortions - intra model and inter model distortions: Group delay, material and wave guide distortions - fibre optic cables. Module 2. Mode Theory for Circular Wave Guides:Wave and field equations in the circular cylindrical wave guides - wave equation for step index fibres - model equations modes in step index fibres - model equations modes in step index fibres, cut-off condition and V-parameter. Optical sources: Light Emitting Diodes - LED structures - surface and edge emitters, mono and hetero structures - internal quantum efficiency - Injection Laser Diodes structures - comparison of LED and ILD. Module 3. Optical Detectors: The PN junction photo diode - PIN photodetectors - Avalanche photo diode construction characteristics and properties - comparison of performance noise sources - simple - simple model of photo receiver - Its equivalent for circulation of noise SNR. Transmission Link Analysis: Point to point links - system consideration - Link power budget - rise time budget - transmission distance version bit rate - wave lingth division multiplexing - data buses - star configuration and coupler data buses. Text Bookss: 01. Optical Fibre Communication - Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw Hill83. 93.705 ELECTIVE I COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE & PARALLEL PROCESSING Module 1. Fundamentals of computer architecture, instruction codes and addressing formates of recent computers - VAX-11/785, IDM 378/168, RISC machines (R3000), microprocessors and micro controllers - MC68020/30, Intel 80383/486, pentium, GSPs TMS 32020 etc. Concepts of parallel processing, SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD architectures, multi programming, time sharing, parallel computer structures - pipe line computer structures, array processors, data flow, paralel applications - predictive modelling and process simulations, CAD CAE/CAX, medical, military and basic research. Module 2. Memory and I/D subsystems, addressing schemes for main memory, virtual memory, paged and segmental memory, memory allocation and management, cache memories, block replacement policies, characteristics of I/O sub systems, interrupt handling, I/O processors/channels/pipelining concepts classification of pipeline processors/channels-pipelining concepts classification of pipeline processors, reservations tables, interleaved memory organisations, instruction arithmetic pipelines, design of piplined instruction units, design of arithmetic pipelines, principles of designing pipelined processors, instruction prefetch, branch handling, data buffering, intel forwarding and register tagging, hazard detection and resolution, job sequencing and collision avoidance, vector processing requirements. Module 3. Vector super computers, attached processors, architecture of star - 100 and TIASC. architecture of AP-120B, back-end vector computers, FPS-164, IBM3838 recent vector computers - Cray X-MP, Cyver 205, CDC-NASF, Fujitsu Vp-200 design of vectorizing compilers, optimization of vector perations, SIMD inter connection networks, static, dynamic and mesh connected networks, cube inter connections, barrel shifter and data manipulation, parallel algorithms for array processors - Associative Array processors - associative memory organizations, associative processors, basic ideas regarding SIMD computer performance enhancement, multiprocessor architecture, loosely/tightly coupled multi processors, multi processing control and algorithms, case studies of S-1, C.mmp, IMD 370/168 3033, 3081,Cray X-MP & Cray 2. References: 01. Computer Architecture & Parallel processing - KAI Hwand & Driggs, Mc Graw Hill. 02. The Architecture of Pipe Lined Computers-Kogge,Mc Graw Hill. 03. IEEE Computer 93.705 ELECTIVE I BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION - 1 Module 1. Human Anatomy & Physiology: Anatomy & Physiology of major systems of the body - generation & propagation of Bioelectric potentials.Transducers, Leads & Electrodes: Transducers for biological applications types, properties, characteristics & selection.Leads & Electrodes: Types, materials, properties, characteristics. Method of application and selection - equivalent circuits of leads & electrodes. Fundamentals of biomaterials: Compatability studies of metals, ceramic plastics used in the inplantable devices. Module 2. Biopotential amplifiers, recorders & monitors: Amplifiers - types and characteristics. Recorders & monitors Galvanometric, potentiometric, ultra-violet electrostatic, thermal array, Ink jet recorders, video monitors, colour printers.Electro physiological recorders:EC : Working principles, Electrode system & clinical applns. EEG : Working principles, lead system & clinical applicationsEMG : Working principles, & clinical applications. Evoked potential systems, Audiometry. Module 3. Theraputic instruments: Diathermy, defibrilletor, cardiac pacemakers, stimulators. Power source for implantable devices.Laser Applications in machine.X-Rays: Production & use in machine, basics of radiography, diagnostic & therapeutic - X-Ray film construction and processing, interaction with body.Fundamentals of Radiation Therapy. References: 01. Principles of applied Biomedical intstrumentation - Geddes & Baker.02. Biomedical Instrumentation & Measurements - Gromwell. 03. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation - R.S. Kandpur. 93.705 ELECTIVE I MODERN CONTROL THEORY - I Module 1. State Space Analysis: Concept of state, State variables, state space representation of physical systems, cononical form of state space representation. Solution of state equations - time variant and time invariant systems, Laplace Transform solution, state transition matrix - interpretation and properties - computation by different methods. Transfer function from state space representation. State variable analysis of linear discrete systems. Module 2. Controllability and Observability: Definition, physical meaning and conditions - phase variable forms, effect of pole zero cancellation. Detectability and stabilizability.State space Design: State feedback and pole placement, limitations of state feedback, tracking problems, bass - Gura formula.Computer aided design tools for control systems: Introduction to MATLAB -formation of M-files. Introduction to SIMULINK.Modeling of physical systems by energy method - Lagranges equation - derivation. Module 3. Modeling of complex physical systems: Inverted pendulum on moving cart, study of blood sugar and insulin level in a diabetic patient, stirred process tank, Hot air balloon - controllability and observability of these systems. Reduction of lime stone by heating, Distillation column, motion of coupled masses, speedometer, Rocket dynamics. References: 01. Friedland B., Control Systems Design - An Introduction to State Space Methods, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1987. 02. Kailath T., Linear Systems, Prentice Hall, Englewoods Cliffs, N.J., 1980. 03. Chen C. and I.J. Hass, Elements of Control Systems Analysis - Classical and Modern approaches, PHI, Inc., N.J., 1968.04. Ogata K., State Space Analysis of control Systems, PHI, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967. 93.706 MICROPROCESSOR LAB 01. Study of Microprocessor Kits 02. Programming Examples 03. Interfacing:: a. Elevator simulator board. b. EPROM programmer. c. Data Acquisition board. d. Hardware Single Stepping Board. e. Video Display board. f. LED moving graphic display board. 93.707 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LAB 01. Characteristics of SCR, holding current, latching current, turn off time, etc. 02. MOSFET Drive-measurement of input capacitance, Rds on 03. Single phase gate control circuits for bridge circuits. 04. Trigerring circuits using UJT. 05. Study of fully controlled converters - single phase. 06. Study of half controlled converters - single phase. 07. Control circuits for single phase bridge inverter. 08. Study of single phase bridge inverter. 09. PWM controller - (TL494/UC3524) study. 10. Study of DC/DC chopper. 11. Control circuit for DC/DC chopper. 12. Non-isolated bick converter. 93.708 PROJECT DESIGN AND SEMINAR Expected specification of the project and its design are to be completed in this semester. Markas for the project design is to be awarded as per a continuous monitoring and evaluation of the progress of the project design. Viva-voce (internal) is to be conducted by two staff members (one staff member is guide) of the department to award the 50% of sessional mark. A seminar is to be presented by each student on an emerging & current topic. A report is to be prepared. Sessional mark is to be awarded on the basis of presentation, and the contents of the report. This report should be brought at the time of final viva-voce to be conducted at the end of the eighth semester. Semester VIII 93.801 MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM DESIGN Module 1. Introduction to 16 and 32 bit microprocessors - Internal architecture of 8086 - comparative study of the architectural features of 8086, 8088, 80186. 80188 and 80306. Study of coprocessor chip 8087. The architecture of IBM PC based on the 8008 CPU.Hardware overview of 8086 - pin functions of 8086. Maximum and minimum mode of 8086 - Basic signal flow on 8086 buses. Timing diagrams associated with required machine cycle. 8086 memory addressing and I/O addressing 8086 memory banks - Timing parameters of 8086. Module 2. Addressing modes of 8086 - Instruction set of 8086 - constructing the machine for 8086 instruction - Developing 8086 assembly language programs. Features of assemblers - macros directives. 8086 interrupts and interrupt service routines - 8086 interrupts and interrupt responses. Hardware interrupt applications. Module 3. Interface design and programming.. 01. A speech synthesiser interface.. 02. Parallel printer interface.. 03. Interfacing Keyboards.. 04. Interfacing microcomputer ports to high power devices.. 05. LCD interfacing.. 06. Interfacing microcomputer ports to high power devices.. 07. D/A converter operation and interfacing to microcomputer.. 08. A/D converter operation and interfacing.. 09. 8086 based process control system. 10. Microcontroller and interfacing.. 11. Interfacing with IBM PC bus. 12. Using a logic analyser to trouble-shoot a micro computer system. Text Bookss: Microprocessor and Interfacing - Programming and Hardware By Douglas V. Hall. References: 01. Intel Data Sheets.. 02. Microprocessor Systems: The 8086/8088 Family - Architecture . Programming and Design., Yu Cing Liu, Glenn A Gibson. 93.802 TELEVISION ENGINEERING Module 1. Principles of TV - characteristics of eye - Theory of scanning blanking and synchronisation, nature of picture signal, line and field frequency, video bandwidth, interfacing, complete video waveform, TV standards (CCIR). Signal generation, vidicon and plumbicon, principle and operation of each, transfer characteristic, theory of orthogonal scanning, focussing and alignment target materials, comparison of their characteristics. Aperture distortion and correction. Video mixing, DC restorer. Gamma correction, silicon diode array vidicon. Module 2. Transmitter: Modulation systems used in vision and audio transmitter, merits of vestigial sideband modulation, block diagram of a TV transmitter, transmitter and receiver response characteristics - diplexer - transmitting antenna, TV signal propagation, range.Receiver: Sensitivity and noise figures, tuner circuits, choice of IF, IF amplifier Detectors, sound separation, keyed AGC,Video frequency amplifiers, sync pulse separation, deflection circuits, receiver controls - distortion and correction. Receiver power supply system, TV receiving antennas. Module 3. Colour TV, colour characteristics, colour mixing, colour theory chromaticity diagram. PAL system - colour difference signals and chroma signal generator. encoder and decoder. Block diagram of a PAL D colour TV transmitter colour picture tube - delta gun, PIL trinitron ADG circuits receiver block diagram. Principle of video cassette recording (VHS), salient features of NTSC and SECAM system. Basic ideas of satellite TV and Cable TV system. References: 01. A.R.Gulati - Modern TV Practice - Wiley Eastern. 02. A.M.Dhake - Television Engineering - Tata Mc Graw Hill. 03. S.P.Bali - Colour TV, TMH 04. R.R.Gulati - Monochrome & Colour TV. 93.803 ADVANCED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Module 1. Microwave communication - LOS systems, characteristics of LOS propagation, characteristics of LOS systems, choice of frequency - fading diversity reception modulation scheme - Transmitters receivers - repeaters antenna design - design of microwave links. Principle of satellite communication - Geostationary orbits, global positioning systems, transmission path - Noise consideration satellite transponders Earth station EIRP, Back off - microwave link design multiple access system - Telemetry. Module 2. Optical communication systems - details of fibers characteristics - sources & detectors - Transmitters/receivers system loss budgeting, connectors & splicers - system power budgeting, Optical integrated circuits optical logic gates, Fibre Optic transducers, photonic switching, optical LOS systems, current trends. Mobile communications Land mobile and paging - Cellular telephony, PCM systems. Module 3. Basic principles of data communication - synchronous and asynchronous transmission - digital data transmission formats NRZ, RZ, AMI, ASI & Manchester coding, Error correcting codes, hamming codes, orghogonal codes, switching - circuit switching, message switching, packet switching - standard communication interface multipliers and concentrators - protocols (BOP-COP - standard networks and standards, OSI, (D) ARPANET, NICNET, SNA, SELS etc. Lan types of LAN - WAN, Digital telephony, basic principle of ISDN - E Mail - Voice mail. References: 01. Communication Systems Design, Loss and Troposcattering Philips Panther (Mc Graw Hill). 02. Optical Fiber Communication, John M. Senior, (Prentice Hall). 03. Optical Fiber Communication, Crower. 04. Satellite communication, James Martin. 05. Computer Networks, Andrew S.Tanenbaum, (Prentice Hall of India). 06. Mobile Cellular Communication, W.Y. Lee, (Mc Graw Hill). 93.804 RADAR, GUIDANCE & NAVIGATION Module 1. Introduction - Radar block diagram and operation - Radar frequencies - Radar range equation - Radar range performance factors - Radar cross section of targets. Beacon and beacon equation, system losses - CW and FM-CW Radar - the Doppler effect - Block diagram of CW radar and FM-CW radar operation - Multiple frequency CW radar. MTI & Pulse Doppler Radar - Introduction, Description of operation - block diagram - Delay line Cancellers - multiple of staggered PRFs - Range gated doppler filter - pulse doppler Radar and its performance. Tracking with Radar - tracking method - sequential lobing - conical scanning - Monopulse tracking. Module 2. Radar transmitters and receivers. Introduction to modulation - Line type modulator hard tube modulator - Saturable Reactor modulator - Solid state modulator - Receiver - Block diagram - and operation - Crystal mixer - Balanced mixers - Low noise front ends - Duplexer and Receiver protector - Radar Displays. A-scope and PPI. Module 3. Navigation Aids: Introduction - Radio direction finding - the loop antenna - Goniometer - Adcok direction finders - errors in direction finders - VHF ef radio ranges LF/MF radio range VHF maximum range - block diagrams of transmitting and receiving equipment range and accuracy - doppler VOR -DME-Hyperbolic Navigation.Systems - LORAN-DECCA-TACAN-Landing Systems-GCA-ILS-MLS Guidance: Basic guidance-Block diagram - Inertial guidance - Stabilised platform - Inertial guidance - components. Gyroscopes-free gyroscopes-rate integrating gyroscopes-single degree freedom gyros - servo accelerators - application of gyroscopes - basic principles of serve system components. References: 01. Introduction to Radar Systems - Merril I.Skolnik (Mc G H). 02. Principles of Radar - Rointies J.F. and Coata (Mc Graw Hill). 03. Elements of Electronic Navigation - N.S. Nagarja (Mc G.H). 04. C. Kingston - Understands Radar System - (Mc Graw Hill). 05. Manual of Avionics - Drian Kendal (B SP professional Books Oxford). 06. Intertial guidance - Pitman U.R. (John Wiley) ELECTIVE II 93.805 ELECTIVE II DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING Module 1. Introduction to Digital signal processing, Fourier and Z . Transform multidimensional sequences, Digital image processing in practice, digitalising images, characteristic of an image digitiliser, types of image digitisers, components, electronic image tubes, other systems, Film scanning digital image displays, display characteristics technologies, image processing software, software organisation, processing sequence, the grey level. Histogram, Introduction to Histograms, Uses of histograms, Relations between histogram and image. Point operations, linear point operations, point operations and the histogram, applications of point operations. Module 2. Introduction to Algebraic operations, applications, geometric operations, grey level Interpolation, spatial transformation, Applications, geometric operations, Linear filtering theory Harmonic signals and complex signal analysis, Convolution operation, Applications of digital filtering some useful functions, Convolutional filtering, Filter design, examples of common filters, optional filter, design, ocessing sampled data, computing data, truncation, optics and system analysis, diffraction limited optical systems, Aberrations in an imaging system. Module 3. Applications of digital image processing - image restoration, Approaches and models, super resolution, system identification DTF from degraded image spectrum, Noise modelling. Image segmentation by thresholding optical threshold selection, gradient optical threshold selection, gradient based structure. Measurement and classification - size, shape, measurements, feature selection, classification 3 dimensional image processing optical sectioning; CAT, stereo metric ranging, stereoscopic image display shaded surface display. References: 01. Kenneth R. Castleman: Digital Image processing, PHI. 02. Oppenheim & Schaffer: Discrete Time signal Processing,PHI. 03. Gonzalaz R.C. & P. Wint:Digital Image Processing, Addison. 04. Jensen J.R: Introducing Digital Image Processing..05. Lim : Digital Image processing Mc Graw Hill. 93.805 ELECTIVE II COMPUTER NETWORK Module 1. Introduction to parallel distributed processing, Application of network, Multiprocessing and multitasking, Network structures - network tapologies, communication protocols and standards, design issues, messages and switching, circuit switching and packed switching, OSI refrence model physical layer and data drink layer, Network layer, session layer presentation layer, application layer, Data Transmission in the OSI model. Module 2. OSI Terminology connection oriented and connection less service, service primitives, The relationship of service to protocols, public network, USENET, BITNET, ERNET, NICNET, VVCP, SNA, E-mail, voice mail, services, ISDN system architecture, digital PBX & PABX, ISDN interface, C-Dot PAD, PABX Terminal handling, polling, multiplexing verses concentration. Module 3. Theoritical basis for data transmission, maximum data rate of a channel baseband coaxial cable, broadband coaxial cable, FDDI, communication satellites, the telephone system, modules, RS449, digital channel error detection/correction parity check, CRCs, ARQ, transmission strategies, stop - and wait ARQ, ARPANET ARQ, Go back ARQ, selective repeated ARQ,LANs, and WANs, ALOHA protocols, LAN protocols SONET and satellite network, packet radio network, routing algorithms Inter Networking - bridges and gateways, quality of services, connection management dialogue management, data exchange, activity management, RPC, Orphans, Data presentatiion, data compression, network security and privacy, application lever issues, virtual terminals, file transfer access and management. References: 01. Andrew S. Tanenbaum : Computer Network, PHI.. 02. Dimitri Bertsekas & Robert Gallager : Data Network, PHI. 03. Gilli Wates : Computer Communication Network, Mc Graw Hill. 93.805 ELECTIVE II OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION Module 1. Optical Fibre Measurements. Attenuation measurements - cut back attenuation measurement method - optical time domain reflectometer - Fibre Facult location - Dispersion measurements - refractive - index - profile measurements - end reflection technique - Transmitted near - field scanning method - refracted near field technique - interferometric method - focussing method - Eye pattern. Module 2. Interferometers Principle of interferometers wavefront - splitting & amplitude splitting - various types of interferometers such as Youngs, Michelsons, Twyman - Green, Fabri - Parot Jamime, Machzehader, and Sagnac Newtons rings and multiple beam interferometry - application of interometry. Module 3. Holography Holographic recording - Mathematical principles - off - axis holography - recoding and reconstruction classification of holograms Fresal helogram - Fourier transform hologram - Microwave, Acoustic and computer holograms - holographic interferometry - application of holography in industry. References: 01. Gerd : Optical Fiber Communication. 02. Guenther : Modern Optics (J.Wiley). 03. Hecht & Zajac : Optics (Addisonwerly 1974). 04. Gerd Keiser : Optical Fiber Communications, Mc Graw Hill. 93.805 ELECTIVE II BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION -II Module 1. Blood pressure - Diastolic & Systolic measurement by invasive and non invasive methods - Ultra sound, Spygmomanometer Automated methods - direct methods. Blood flow: Electro-magnetic, Ultrasound, Blood cell counters. Applications of Ultra sound-basic physics of Ultra sound generation, Echo cardiography, Modes of Scan, Doppler measurements, Biological effects - colour doppler. Module 2. Fluoroscopic Imaging Systems - Image intensifier, Subtraction Angiography CT scanner. MRI - PET - Radio Isotope imaging - Gama Camers. Therapeutic Systems: Respiratory Equipment: Inhalator, Nebuliser, Aspirator, Humidifier, Ventilators: Electrolyte balance & blood gas instrumentation - Gas analysers. Module 3. Lithotripters Orthotics and prosthetics: Heart - Lung machine - artificial kidney artificial heart. Electrical Safety: Response of human body to voltages of different levels and frequency - micro shock and macro shock - operating precautions. Hospital Utilities: (General description only). Gas supply, Theatre lighting, tables, air-conditioning, sterilisation systems. References: 01. Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation, Geddes & Baker.. 02. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements, Cromwel.. 03. Hand book of Bio -medical Instrumentation, R.S. Kandpur.. 04. Fundamental Physics of Radiography, Massey & Meridith.. 05. Medical Physics , Christanson.. 06. Hand book of Analytical Equipment, R.S. Kandpur. 93.805 ELECTIVE II MODERN CONTROL THEORY - II Module 1. Control System Design by Classical method: Selection of a compensator, Realisation of basic compensators - lag, load, lag-lead compensators, compensator design - root locus method - frequency domain approach, comparison of cascade compensators, feedback compensation, rate feedback compensation. Module 2. Control system design by state space approach: Review of state space analysis, state feedback and pole placement, tracking problems, observer design - separation property, reduced order observer. Multivariable control systems - state space representation, controllability and observability - contributions by Kalman, Gilbers, Hautus. Polo assignment. Linear Quadratic Regulator problem - properties, introduction to H control. Module 3. Nonlinear system control systems: Common physical non-linear systems, phase plane method - construction of phase trajectories - by analytical method, graphical method - Isocline method, delta method. Describing function method - basic concepts, describing function of different non-linear systems - Ideal relay with dead zone, relay with hysterisis etc. Stability analysis - Lyapunov method, construction of Lyapunov functions. References: 01. DAzzo, J.J. and C.H. Houpis, Linear control systems analysis and design, conventional and modern, Mc Graw Hill Inc., New York, 1995. 02. Friedland, B., Control Systems Design - An Introduction to State Space Methods, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1987. 03. Stefani., R.T., C.J. Savant, B. Shahian and G.H. Hostotter, Design of feedback control systems, Saunders college publ., Florida, 1994. 04. Gibson, J.E. Nonlinear Automatic control, Mc Graw Hill,1963. 05. Hau, J.C. and A.U. Meyer, Modern control principles and applications, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1968. 93.805 ELECTIVE II V L S I DESIGN Module 1. MOS structure. Threshold voltage, its correction by body bias and ion implantation. NMOS, PMOS, CMOS.MOS IC to chronology: Masking steps in Metal gate and silicon gate technologies. Basic bipolar IC Technology: Masking steps, component isolation techniques, problems of metal corss over. Digital MOS circuits with saturated mode, triode mode and depletion mode loads and CMOS, static and dynamic performance bR ratio, ratioless logic. MOS circuits design on the chip for given set of technology parameters and voltages. Effect of tolerances or spreads in V , V , V , mobility and temperature on design. Influence of body affect on design. Manufacture design rules: Circuit layout in metal gate and silicon gate technologies. Design using Lambda based design rules of Mead and Conway. Pass transistor logic in NMOS and CMOS systems: Mapping from relay logic into silicon to evolve pass transistor logic, pass transistor ALU, tree network, multiplexer - demultiplexer circuits, selectro logic, tally circuits, delays in pass transistor logic, use of level resotoring inverters. Driving large capacitive loads ordinary buffer chain and super buffers. Two phase clocking schemes, gate capacitance as a temporary store and pass transistor shift registers, register to register, transfer structured design methodology of mead and convey. Use of stick diagrams for design of topology of layout. MOS PLAS, their stick diagrams and layout, finite state machines .Bottom up and top down design, Custom design. Various semicustom design approaches. Choice of technology, 1 L logic. Computer aids for design: logic simulation, circuit simulation, layout, VLSI testing. Problems in going from LSI to VLSI scaling for VLSI. 93.806 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND MICROWAVE LAB SYSTEMS LAB: Analog optical communications using fibre optic communication kit. Digital optical communications using fibre optic communication kit. Communication switching circuit design of a 2 x 2 cross bar switch. Hamming codes - Encoder/Decoder, Digital filters - first order filter, ADC/DAC. ADC/DAC Microprocessor based. Frequency shift keying - decoding using PLL.Delta modulation using discrete ICs. Display systems. MICROWAVE LAB: Familiarisation of microwave components. Reflex Klystron characteristics. Low and high VSWR measurements. Verification of relation between L(g), L() and L(). Calibration of crystal, attenuator and frequency meter. Radiation pattern of pyramidal horn. 93.807 PROJECT Each student is expected to prepare a report on the project work done by him/her and present paper highlighting the work done by him/her in a seminar. The student is expected to complete the project work assigned to him/her and submit the project report by the end of the semester. 93.808 GENERAL VIVA-VOCE At the time of Viva-Voce the candidates project has to be evaluated in addition to assessing the students overall ability and knowledge in special field in engineering. He is expected to present his academic records including project. 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