The second heart sound differs from the first in that (a) It is due to turbulence set up by valve closure (b) Its duration is greater than that of the first sound (c)It has a higher frequency (d) It is occasionally split

Removal of the stomach may result in (a) a macrocytic anaemia (b) Dizziness, sweating and pallor after meals (c) Malabsorption of iron, fat and protein (d) Severe constipation due to loss of the gastrocooelic reflex

Thyroid hormones tend to increase (a) Peripheral resistance (b) Intestinal movements (c) Drowsiness (d) The duration of tendon reflexes

With increasing age, increase of all tends to occur in the following EXCEPT (a) Systolic blood pressure (b) Pulse pressure (c) Vital capacity (d) Residual volume

Arterial pressure can be lowered by stimulation of the (a) Vasomotor centre (b) Motor cortex (c) Anterior hypothalamus (d) Posterior hypothalamus

Basic reflex of posture is the (a) Flexor reflex (b) Crossed extensor reflex (c) Golgi tendon reflex (d) Positive suporting reaction

EEG with spike and dome pattern is characteristic of (a) Grandmal epilepsy (b) Petit mal epilepsy e (c) Jacksonian epilepsy (d) spinothalamic tract

Glucocorticoids when in excess, decrease the number of (a) Circulatory neutrophils (b) Circulatory eosinophils (c) Circulatory platelets (d) Circulatory red blood cells

Satiety centre is located in the (a) Lateral hypothalamic area (b) Perifornical nucleus (c) Dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (d) Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

Noradrenaline is differentiated from adrenaline by (a) Increased peripheral resistance (b) Increased heart rate, (c) Increased cardiac output (d) Decreased renal blood flow

The most reliable sign of hypoxia is (a) Hypertension (b) Hypotension (c) Increased pulse rate (d) Deep respiration

When a normal sitting subject inhales, the air predominantly enters into (a) The apical portions (b) The basal and apical portions more or less equally (c) Basal portions (d) All of the above

Decreased water absorption in the proximal tubules occurs in (a) Water diuresis (b) Osmotic diuresis (c)Diabetes insipidus (d) None of the above

One of the following is not the major determinats of plasma osmolarity (a) Haemoglobin (b) Albumin (c) Glucose (d) Sodium and chloride

13. Unconscious kinaesthetic sensations are carried by (a) Posterior columns (b) Ventral spinothalamic tract (c) Anterior spinothalamic tract (d) Lateral spinothalamic tract

The main route of excretion of oestrogens and progesterones are in the (a) Bile (b) Urine (c) Faeces (d) Sweat

Which of the following feature is common to all forms of shock ? (a)Decrease in right atrial pressure (b) Decrease in left atrial pressure (c) Decrease in cardiac output (d) Decrease in tissue perfusion

The best example of regular supraventricular tachycardia is (a) Atrial fibrillation (b) Atrial flutter (c) Sinus tachycardia (d) AV nodal block

Golgi type I cell has (a) Simple long axon with multiple dendrites (b) Short axon that ends within gray matter (c) Two axons with few dendrites (d) Axon that is always unmyelinated

.Highest centre for visceral function is (a) Cerebral cortex (b) Limic cortex (c) Cerebellum (d) Hypothalamus

Trypsinogen is converted in trypsin by (A) Pancreatic lipase (B)Phospholipase (C)Pepsin (D) Enterokinase

2-3 DPG is increased by all except (A) High altitude (B)Growth hormone (C) Androgens (D) Fall in pH.

Substances actively absorbed by proximal renal tubule is (A) Potassium (B)Vitamins (C) Glucose (D) All of the above

Renal blood flow per minute is (A) 300 ml (B)600 ml (C)1000 ml (D) 1500 ml

Which of the following statement about ADH is not true (A) It acts on distal tubules & collecting duct (B)Increases the passive permeability to water (C)Lowers the CAMP by inhibiting adenyl cyclase (D) Decreases blood flow to vasa recta, so increasing the efficiency of counter current mechanism.

Gastric acid secretion can be stimulated by all except (A)Histamine (B) Insulin (C)Somatostatin (D) Gastrin.

Normal arm to tongue circulation time is (A) 10 sec. (B)15 sec. (C)20 sec. (D)30 sec.

Which of the following changes in iron metabolism does not occur in pregnancy (A) Total iron binding capacity increased (B)Increased iron absorption (C)Normal or decreased plasma iron (D) Incrased plasma iron.

Apneustic centre is located in (A) Ventromedial part of medulla (B)Dorsolateral part of medulla (C) Lower part of pons (D) Upper part of pons.

Growth of the ductal system of breast is stimulated by (A) Estrogen (B) Progesterone (C)Oxytocin (D) Prolactin.

The following are synthesized in liver except (A) Albumin (B)Gamma globulin (C)Fibrinogen (D) Prothrombin

Which of the following isnot a feature of 'REM sleep' (A)REM sleep constitutes about 50% of total sleep time (B)Also known as paradoxical sleep (C)Rapic, roving movements of eye occu during this sleep (D) Initiated from nuclei in pons.

Normal serum osmolality is (A) 180 mOsm/lit. (B)280 mOsm/lit (C)230 mOsm/lit (D)330 mOsm/lit

The hydrochloric acid in stomach is secreted by (A) Chief cells (B)Zymogen (C)Oxyntic cells (D) G-cells.

The 'near response' include all (A) Accommodation (B)Conveergence (C)Pupillary constriction (D) Pupillary dilatation.

Lenticular nucleus of basal ganglia is (A)Caudate nucleus (B)Substantia nigra (C)Caudate nucleus & putamen (D) Putamen & globus pallidus.

S5-HIAA in urine is used as an index of rate of metabolism of (A) GABA (B)Serotonin (C)Epinephrine (D) Glutamic acid.

The maximal rate of absorption of glucose from intestine in g/hr is (A)60 (B) 120 (C)180 (D) 240

Insulin secretion is increased by all except (A) Theophylline (B)Glucose (C)Diazoxide (D) Sulphonylureas

'a wave' in jugular venous pulse is due to (A)Atrial systole (B)Bulging of tricuspid valve into atria during isometric ventricular contraction (C)Rise in atrial pressure before tricuspid valve opens during diastole (D) Expiration causing decreased negative intrathoracic pressure.

Chemoreceptor trigger zone initiating vimitting is located in (A)Medial mammillary nucleus (B )Area postrema (C)Vomitting center (D) Periventricular nucleus

The decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood falls is called (A) Bezold-Jarish reflex (B)Bohr effect (C)Bainbidge reflex (D) Axon reflex

Normal GFR is (A)5 lit/hr. (B)7.5 lit/hr. (C)10 lit /hr. (D)15 lit/hr.

Which of the following vitamin is synthesized by intestinal flora and absorbed in significant quantity (A)Folic acid (B)Thiamine (C)Cyanocobalamin (D) Vitamin K

All are effect of vagal stimulation except (A)Increase in intestinal secretion (B) Relaxation of bronchial musculature (C)Fall in blood pressure (D) Constriction of intestinal musculature.

All of the following statement about 'cerebrospinal fluid' are true except (A)Is an ultrafiltrate of plasma (B)Provides nutritional requirements of CNS (C) Has same osmolality as plasma (D) Absorption is proportionate to the pressure.

Antidiuretic hormone acts on (A) Proximal convoluted tubule (B)Distal convoluted tubule (C) Loop of Henle (D) Collecting duct.

Main route of excretion of estrogens and progesterones is (A)Faecal (B)Urine (C)Sweat (D) Bile

Stroke volume is increased by (A)Sympathetic stimulation (B)Increased systemic blood pressure (C)Digitalis (D) All of the above.

Which of the following statement about first heart sound is not true (A)Results from closure of A-V valves (B)Results from closure of semilunar valves (C)Best heard at apex of heart (D) Occurs at the beginning of ventricular contraction

Which cells of the pancreas secrete 'somatostatin' (A) A cell (B)B cell (C)D cell (D) Fcell

Platelet adhesion is dependent on all except (A) Ca++ (B)ADP (C)Collagen (D) Blood stasis

Which of the following statement about catecholamine synaptic transmissionis true (A) Epinephrine is chemical transmitter at most sympathetic postganglionic endings (B)Catecholamines are held in small clear synaptic vesicles (C)Action is terminated by metabolism of released catecholamines (D) Circulating levels of chromogranin A is an index of sympathetic activity

The conversion of firbrinogen to fibrin is caused by (A) Thrombin (B)Calcium ions (C)Factor XIII (D) thromboplastin

All are characteristics of substance suitable for measuring GFR except (A)Should not be metabolized (B)Easy of measure (C)Should not be reabsored by tubules (D) Should be highly protein bound.

Which of the following statement about 'Baroreceptor's is not true (A)Present in the carotid sinus and aortic arch (B)From these afferent fibres pass to themedulla (C)Impulses generated by these inhibit the bagal innervation of heart (D) Respond both to sustained pressure andpulse pressure.

First important event in hemostasis following tissue injury is (A)Vascular spasm (B)Formation of plateleet plug (C)Formation of prothrombin activator (D) Formation of thromboplastin.

Receptors for kinesthetic sensation are located in (A) Muscle spindle (B)Folgi tendon organ (C)Joint receptor (D) Skin receptor

In which of the following changes, there is accumulation of edema fluid in tissues (A) Increased precapillary vascular resistance (B)Decreased postcapillary vascular resistance (C)Increased plasma colloid osmotic pressure (D) Increased venous pressure.

Which of the following tract is present in superior cerebellar peduncle (A) Tectocerebellar (B) Pontocerebellar (C)Dorsal spinocerebellar (D) Vestibulo cerebellar

The breakdown of erythrocytes in the body yields (A) Iron, most of which is excreted in the urine (B)Aminoacids which are available for general use (C) Erythropoietin which stimulates the further production of erythrocytes (D) None of the above.

During the initial part of inspiration (A) Intrapulmonary pressure falls (B)Intrapulmonary pressure rises (C) Intra-abdominal pressure rises (D) The partial pressure of oxygen in the dead space rises

The surgical removal of about 90% of the ileum and jejunum would NOT result in (A)an increase in the fat content of the stools (steatorrhea) (B) demineralisation of the bones (osteomalacia) (C) a rise in the blood prothrombin level (D) Frequent bulky pale and effensive stools

Increased tendon reflexes (eg. The knee jerk) are liked to be present in a patient suffering from long standing damage to (A) The anterior horn cells as may occur in poliom elitis (B) Primary sensory neurons as occurs in tabes dorsalis (C) The internal capsute (D) The basal ganglia as may occur in parkinsonism.

Cerebro spinal fluid (A) is actively secreted by choroidal plexus (B) It is a major source of brain nutrition (C) Has the phase arterial blood (D) Virtually glucose free

Obesity is treated successfully by (A) Taking steam baths daily (B) Adding slimming needs to the normal diet (C) increasing regular exercise without increasing food intake (D) eating as much one likes but avoiding feeds with a high fat content

The electro encephalogram (EEG) (A) Provides an indication of person's intelligence (B) tends to show waves of smaller amplitude during deep sleep than in alert state (C)is bilaterally symmetrical (D) None of the above.

Coronary blood flow is usually predominantly controlled by (A) Autoregulation (B) Hormones (C) Parasympathetic impulses (D) Sympathetic impulses

The Cephalic phase of gastric secretion (A) Does not involve mucous secretion (B) Accounts for about 80% of gastric secretion (C) Begins when food is tasted (D) Is mediated by the vagus nerve

Senasations of crude touch are carried by (A) Posterior columns (B) Lateral spinothalami tract (C) Ventral spinothalamic tract (D) Spinorectal tract.

Active reabsorption of glucose appears to occur in the (A) Proximal tubule (B)Loop of Henle (C) Distal tubule (D) All of the above.

Atrial contraction causes the (A) A wave of atrial pressure curve (B) C wave of atrial pressure curve (C) V wave of atrial pressure curve (D) T wave of ECG

The causes of pulmonary oedema include all EXCEPT (A) Increased negative pressure (B) Increased pulmonary arteriolar pressure (C)Increased pulmonary capillary permeability (D) Increased plasma colloid pressure

Which is TRUE about hyperparathyroidism ? (A) Fibrillatory twitchings of muscles (B) Metastatic calcification of soft tissues (C) Awkward gait (D) Chronic tetany

Decreased PO2 causes increased respiration by (A) Stimulating medullary chemoreceptors (B)Stimulating peripheral receptors (C) Severe exercises (D) More than 1000 fet altitute

The best hormone to conserve sodium in the bod is (A) Aldosterone (B) Cortisol (C) Androsterone (D) ACTH

The kidneys are each composed of approximately (A) Half million nephrons (B) One million nephrons (C)Two million nephrons (D) Four million nephrons

The insensible water loss through skin and respiratory tract in 24 hours (A) 150 to 250 ml (B)300 to 400 ml (C) 600 to 800 ml (D) 1500 to 2300 ml.

Sensory ataxia is due to lesions in (A)Fluculo-nodular lobe (B) Vestibular apparatus (C) Posterior columns (D) All of the above.

The following tests assess the thyroid functions except (A) Basal metabolic rate (B)Iodine uptake studies (C) Blood glucose level (D) Plasma cholesterol level.

Cerebellum functions include (A) Posture and balance (B) Memory and speech (C) Involuntary sphincters (D) Voluntary movement in the lower half of body.

Cellular immunity is mediated by (A) Immunoglobulins (B) Lymphokines (C) Gamma globulins (D) None of the above.

The changes in the inhaled air in the nasal cavity are all of the following EXCEPT (A)Removal of dust particle and bacteria (B)Cooling and moistening of air (C) Concentration of oxygen capacity (D) Inhibition of inhalation of offensive or pungent air

Under normal conditions heart rate is maximum in (A) Foetus (B)Newborn (C) Adults (D) Old age.

Women having their first child after the age of 35 years differ from younger women having their first child earlier in that they have a lower incidence of (A) Abortion (B) Delivery by caesarian section (C) Foetal abnormalities (D) Excessive blood loss within 24 hours of delivery (E) None of the above.

Gaseous exchanges of air takes place in (A) Nasopharynx (B)Larynx (C) Treachea (D) Alveoli

Buffy coat in centrifuged sample of blood consists of (A) Erythrocytes and platelets (B) Leucocytes and platelets (C) Erythrocytes and leucocytes (D) Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets

Chemical responsible for increase in blood pressure due to renin (A) Renin (B) Angiotensinogen (C) Angiotensin I (D) Angiotensin II

A diagnosis of foetal distress can be made of (A) There is sustained increase in foetal heart rate (B)Meconium is present in the amniotic fluid (C)Blood sample taken from footal scalp vein has pH of 7.25 (D) The foetus keeps making vigorous repetative movements (E) All of the above are seen

Which of the following parts is electrically silent in an anesthetised preparation (A) Motor area (B) parietal area (C) Cerebellum (D) Hypothalamus

Carpopedal spasn may occur in (A) Hyperthyroidism (B)Hypothyroidism (C) Hypoparathyroidism (D) Hyperparathyroidism

Normally pain from viscera arises due to (A) Distension (B) Mechanical irritation (C) Compression (D) Burning of viscus (E) Chemical stimulation

In haemolytic jaundice there is (A) Increased amount of stercobilin in faeces (B) Increased amount of urobilin in urine (C) An increase in protein bound bilirubin in blood (D) An increase in amount of conjugated bilirubin excreted by the liver (E0 All of the above.

Pigment iodopsin is present in (A) Pigment layer of retina (B) Rods (C) Cones (D) Muller's fibres

Cerebellectomy in the primates results in (A) Ataxia (B) Disturbed equilibrium (C) Hypotonia (D) Pendular jerks (E) All of the above.

Absorption of vitamin B 12 is interfered with when (A) Illeum is removed (B)Duodenum is removed (C) Asccending colon is removed (D) Descending colon is removed.

Water diuresis is commonly seen in patients suffering from (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Cushing syndrome (C) Addison's disease (D) Diabetes insipidus

Marey's law denotes relationship between (A) Heart rate and heart contraction (B) Heart contraction and heart conductivity (C) Heart rate and blood pressure (D) Heart contraction and heart conductivity.

Cerebellar lesions include all the followings regarding defects of posture except (A) Hypotonia (B)Static tremor (C) Nystagmus (D) Exaggerated deep reflexes

The sinoauricular node is normally the pacemaker of heart because (A) It is located in the right atrium (B) of its rate of impulse generation (C)of its neural control (D) of its proximity to AV node (E) of its being part of atrial muscle

Lipase is not present in (A) Saliva (B)Gastric juice (C) Pancreatic juice (D) Succus entericus

Submucous plexus of Meissner is located (A) Between circular muscle layer and submucous (B)Between longitudinal and circular muscle layer (C) On the serosa (D) Between lamina propria and epithelia layer

Manual dexterity during work mostly depends upon integrity of (A) Exteroceptors (B)Proprioceptors (C) Nociceptors (D) Enteroceptors (E) Teleceptors

Which of the following is secreted by ultimo gland of fish, and parafollicular cells of thyroid (A) Thyroxine (B)Parathyroid hormone (C)Calcitonin (D)Histamine

Calcitonin when injected produces all but one of the following (A) Rapidly raises plasma calcium levels (B) Lowers plasma inorganic phosphate levels (C) Does not affect plasma magnesium levels (D) Inhibits bone resorption

In Klett Summerson photo electric colorimeter is used for haemoglobin estimation and the reagent used for this purpose is (A) Ringers solution (B) Drabkins reagent (C) Hayem's reagent (D)Isotonic saline